Zisebenza njani iithegi zamaxabiso e-elektroniki

Iithegi ze-elektroniki zitekhnoloji zokuchonga ezizenzekelayo ezingaqhagamshelwanga esebenzisa imiqondiso yerediyo yefrikhwensi ukuchonga izinto ekujoliswe kuzo kunye nokufumana idatha enxulumeneyo.

Umsebenzi wokuchonga awufuni ungenelelo lomntu. Njengohlobo lweebhakhowudi ezingenazintambo, iteknoloji ye-RFID ayinamanzi, i-antimagnetic, kunye nokumelana nokushisa okuPhezulu, ubomi benkonzo ende, umgama omkhulu wokufunda, idatha kwileyibhile inokubethelwa, umthamo wedatha yokugcina inkulu, ulwazi lokugcina lunokutshintshwa ngokukhululekile kunye nezinye iingenelo. Indlela yokufaka ikhowudi, ukugcinwa kunye nendlela yokufunda-ukubhala iithegi ze-elektroniki zahlukile kwiithegi zakwantu (ezifana neebhakhowudi) okanye iithegi zezandla. Ukugcinwa kweekhowudi zeethegi ze-elektroniki kugcinwa kwifomathi yokufunda kuphela okanye yokufunda ukubhala kwisekethe edibeneyo; ngakumbi indlela yokufunda-ukubhala, Ithegi yombane ibonwa ngothumelo lombane olungenazingcingo. Iimpawu zobugcisa ezibalaseleyo ze Iithegi ze-elektroniki ze-RFID zi: inokuchonga into enye kakhulu, endaweni yodidi olunye kuphela lwento efana nekhowudi yebha; inokufunda izinto ezininzi ngexesha elinye, kwaye ikhowudi yebha inokufundwa enye nganye; ugcino Ubungakanani bolwazi bukhulu kakhulu; usebenzisa i-radio frequency, idatha inokufundwa ngezinto zangaphandle, kwaye iikhowudi zebha kufuneka zithembele kwi-laser okanye i-infrared ukufunda ulwazi kumphezulu wezinto eziphathekayo.

(1) Ithegi. Iqulunqwe ngezinto zokudibanisa kunye neetshiphusi. Ithegi nganye inekhowudi eyodwa ye-elektroniki. Ithegi ye-electronic ye-high-capacity inendawo yokugcina ebhalwe ngumsebenzisi kwaye iqhotyoshelwe kwinto ukuchonga into ekujoliswe kuyo.

(2) Mfundi. Isixhobo esiphathwa ngesandla okanye esisisigxina esifunda (kwaye ngamanye amaxesha sibhalele) ulwazi lwethegi.

(3) I-eriyali. Dlulisa umqondiso wamaza kanomathotholo phakathi kwethegi kunye nomfundi.Umgaqo osisiseko wokusebenza wobuchwepheshe beRFID awuntsokothanga. Emva kokuba ithegi ingene kwintsimi yamagnetic ekhutshwe ngumfundi, ifumana isignali yomsakazo werediyo evela kumfundi, kwaye isebenzisa amandla afunyenwe yi-current induced ukuthumela ulwazi lwemveliso (PassiveTag, i-passive tag okanye i-passive tag) egcinwe kwi-chip, okanye ngokusebenzayo ithumele i-frequency ethile Umqondiso (ActiveTag, ithegi esebenzayo okanye ithegi esebenzayo); emva kokuba umfundi efunde kwaye achaze ulwazi, luthunyelwa kwiziko lokucubungula ulwazi lwenkqubo yokucubungula idatha efanelekileyo.

Iithegi ze-elektroniki zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezintathu: uhlobo oludibeneyo lwesekethe yokunyanga, uhlobo lokubhala ngokutsha olunentambo kwisiza, kunye nohlobo lokubhala ngokutsha olungenazingcingo kwisiza ngokweendlela zokutofa ezahlukeneyo zolwazi olugcinwe ngaphakathi; ngokweendlela zobuchwepheshe zokufunda idatha yethegi ye-elektroniki, zinokwahlulwa zibe ngamacandelo amathathu: Kukho iintlobo ezintathu zohlobo losasazo losasazo, uhlobo lokuphindaphinda amaza kunye nohlobo lokumodareyitha olubonakalisayo; ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zobonelelo lwamandla (unikezelo lwamandla ebhetri), itekhnoloji yokuchonga irediyo yerediyo inokohlulwa ibe ziindidi ezintathu: esebenzayo, yokwenziwa kunye ne-semi-active. Indlela eqhelekileyo yokuhlelwa kwe-RFID kukuba, ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza (iyunithi: Hz), yahlulwe yaba ziindidi ezi-4 zefrikhwensi ephantsi (LF), i-high frequency (HF), i-ultra high frequency (UHF) kunye ne-microwave frequency band (MW).

(1) Iisistim eziphantsi / eziphezulu zihlala zine-frequency yokusebenza <30MHz. Iifrikhwensi eziqhelekileyo zokusebenza yi-125kHz, 225kHz, 13.56MHz (engaqhagamshelwanga kwi-IC card-working frequency yerediyo yerediyo yerediyo), njl. Iimpawu zabo ezisisiseko zezi: ixabiso leethegi ze-elektroniki liphantsi, inani ledatha egcinwe kwiithegi lincinci, kwaye umgama wokufunda umfutshane (imeko ze-passive, umgama wokufunda oqhelekileyo ngu-10cm), imilo yethegi ye-elektroniki iyahluka (ikhadi-imile, imisesane, iqhosha, i-peni), kunye nolwalathiso lwe-antenna yokufunda ayinamandla.

(2) Iinkqubo ze-UHF/microwave ngokubanzi zineziza zokusebenza> 400MHz, kunye neebhendi zamaza okusebenza eziqhelekileyo yi-915MHz, 2450MHz, 5800MHz, njl. Iimpawu ezisisiseko zezi: iindleko eziphezulu ze iithegi ze-elektroniki kunye nabafundi, isixa esikhulu sedatha egcinwe kwiithegi, umgama wokufunda omde (ukuya kwiimitha ezininzi ukuya kwiimitha ezilishumi), kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwezinto Ukusebenza kwentshukumo yesantya esiphezulu kulungile, imilo ngokuqhelekileyo imile njengekhadi, kwaye i-eriyali yokufunda kunye ne-eriyali yethegi ye-elektroniki inokuqondisa okunamandla.

(3) Kukho ibhetri ngaphakathi kwethegi ye-elektroniki esebenzayo, enomgama omde wokufunda. Ukungalungi kukuba ibhetri inobomi obulinganiselweyo (iminyaka eyi-3-10); akukho bhetri kwithegi yokwenziwa kwe-elektroniki. Emva kokufumana isignali ye-microwave kumfundi (isixhobo sokuhlola), iguqula inxalenye yamandla e-microwave ibe ngumsinga othe ngqo womsebenzi wayo. Ngokubanzi, isondlo-simahla sinokufezekiswa. Xa kuthelekiswa nenkqubo esebenzayo, inkqubo ye-passive inomda omncinci kumgama wokufunda kunye nesantya sokulungelelanisa ukuhamba kwento.

(4) Ulwazi kwithegi ye-elektroniki edibeneyo edibeneyo ifakwe ngokubanzi kwimodi yenkqubo yeROM ngexesha lokuveliswa kweesekethe ezidibeneyo, kwaye ulwazi olugciniweyo alunakuguqulwa; i-field wired bhala kwakhona ithegi ye-elektroniki ngokubanzi ibhala ulwazi olugcinwe kwithegi ye-elektroniki kuyo Kwindawo yokugcina ye-E2 yangaphakathi, umdwelisi ozinikeleyo okanye umbhali kufuneka abhale kwakhona, kwaye kufuneka anikwe amandla ngexesha lenkqubo yokubhala kwakhona; Ithegi ye-elektroniki yokubhala ngokutsha ngaphandle kwamacingo ifanelekile ngokubanzi kwiithegi ze-elektroniki ezisebenzayo, ezinemiyalelo ethile yokuphinda uyibhale, kunye neethegi zombane Ulwazi olugciniweyo lukwabekwe kwindawo yokugcina ye-E2. Ngokubanzi, ixesha elifunekayo lokuphinda ubhale idatha yethegi ye-elektroniki lide kakhulu kunexesha elifunekayo lokufunda idatha yethegi ye-elektroniki. Ngokubanzi, ixesha elifunekayo lokubhala ngokutsha lilandela imizuzwana, kwaye ixesha lokufunda likwi-milliseconds.

(5) Inkqubo yokuchonga irediyo yosasazo losasazo losasazo. Ithegi ye-elektroniki kufuneka isebenze ngendlela esebenzayo kwaye isasaze ulwazi lwayo lokuchonga olugciniweyo ngexesha lokwenyani. Umfundi ulingana nomamkeli ofumana kuphela kodwa angathumeli. Ukungalungi kwale nkqubo kukuba: ngenxa yokuba ithegi ye-elektroniki kufuneka iqhubeke idlulisela ulwazi ngaphandle, imosha umbane kwaye ibangele ungcoliseko lwe-electromagnetic kwindalo esingqongileyo, kwaye ukhuseleko kunye nemfihlo yenkqubo ihlwempuzekile. Kunzima ukuqaphela inkqubo yokuchonga amaza kanomathotholo aphindwe kabini. Ngokubanzi, umfundi uthumela isignali yombuzo werediyo, kwaye i-frequency carrier carrier ebuyiswa ngethegi ye-elektroniki sisiphindaphinda samaza kanomathotholo athunyelwa ngumfundi. Le ndlela yokusebenza ibonelela ngokulula kumfundi ukuba afumane kwaye aqhubeke nemiqondiso ye-echo. Nangona kunjalo, kwiithegi ze-elektroniki ezingenzi nto, xa ithegi ye-elektroniki iguqula amandla kanomathotholo afunyenweyo omfundi abe yi-frequency-frequency echo carrier frequency, ukusebenza kwayo koguqulo lwamandla kuphantsi. Ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle koguqulo kufuna izakhono eziphezulu ze-microwave, okuthetha ukuba iindleko eziphezulu zethegi ye-elektroniki. Kwangaxeshanye, umsebenzi wolu hlobo lwenkqubo kufuneka ube ngamanqaku amabini okusebenza rhoqo, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo kunzima ukufumana ilayisenisi yesicelo semveliso yeKomiti yoLawulo lweRadio Frequency.

(6) Ukufezekiswa kwenkqubo yokuchonga ireferensi yokumodareyithwa kwamaza kanomathotholo ikakhulu kukusombulula ingxaki yokuthumela nokufumana ngexesha elinye. Xa inkqubo isebenza, umfundi uthumela umqondiso wokubuza nge-microwave (amandla), kunye nethegi ye-elektroniki (i-passive) ilungisa inxalenye yomqondiso wamandla ofunyenweyo we-microwave ibe ngumbane othe ngqo ukuze isekethe kwithegi ye-elektroniki isebenze, kwaye enye inxalenye yesignali yamandla e-microwave igcinwe kwithegi ye-elektroniki Ulwazi lwedatha lumodulated (BUZA) kwaye lubonakaliswe kumfundi. Emva kokuba umfundi efumene isignali yokumodareyitha ye-amplitude ebonakalisiweyo, ichaza ulwazi lwedatha yokuchonga egcinwe kwithegi ye-elektroniki. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokusebenza kwesistim, umfundi uthumela isignali ye-microwave kwaye afumane isignali yokumodareyitha ye-amplitude ebonakalisiweyo ngaxeshanye. Amandla omqondiso obonakalisiweyo buthathaka kakhulu kunophawu olugqithisiweyo. Ngoko ke, ubunzima ekuphunyezweni kobugcisa buxhomekeke kwi-co-frequency reception.

Ukudibanisa ithegi ye-elektroniki kukusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuhambisa imiqondiso eyahlukeneyo.

Umgama wokusebenza phakathi kwethegi yamaza kanomathotholo kunye nomfundi okwinkqubo yokuchonga amaza kanomathotholo ngumba obalulekileyo ekusetyenzisweni kwenkqubo yokuchonga amaza kanomathotholo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, lo mgama wokusebenza uchazwa njengomgama phakathi kwethegi yerediyo yerediyo kunye nomfundi ukutshintshiselana ngedatha ngokuthembekileyo. Uluhlu lwenkqubo yokuchonga kanomathotholo sisalathiso esibanzi, esisondeleleneyo nemeko ehambelanayo yeethegi zerediyo kunye nabafundi. Ngokomgama wenkqubo yokuchongwa kwamaza kanomathotholo, ukudibanisa phakathi kwe-eriyali yethegi yerediyo kunye ne-eriyali yokufunda inokohlulwa ngokwamacandelo amathathu.

(1) Inkqubo esondeleleneyo. Umgama wokusebenza oqhelekileyo wenkqubo ukusuka kwi-0 ukuya kwi-1cm. Kusetyenziso olusebenzayo, kudla ngokuba yimfuneko ukufaka ithegi yerediyo yerediyo kumfundi okanye uyibeke kumphezulu we-eriyali yokufunda. Isixokelelwano sokunxibelelanisa ngokusondeleyo sisebenzisa i-inductive coupling (evaliweyo isekethe yemagnethi) phakathi kwethegi yamaza kanomathotholo kunye ne-eriyali yokufunda esebenza kufutshane nebala ukwenza ijelo lefrikhwensi yolwazi lwerediyo. Ukusebenza rhoqo kwenkqubo edityaniswe ngokuqinileyo ngokubanzi kukhawulelwe kuyo nayiphi na ifrikhwensi engaphantsi kwe-30MHz. Kuba ukuvuza kwe-electromagnetic yendlela yokudibanisa esondeleneyo incinci kwaye amandla afunyenwe ngokudityaniswa makhulu, kufanelekile kwiinkqubo zesicelo (ezifana nezitshixo zocango lwe-elektroniki) ezifuna ukhuseleko oluphezulu kwaye azinamfuno zomgama wokusebenza.

(2) Inkqubo yeTelecoupling. Umgama wokusebenza oqhelekileyo wenkqubo ye-telecoupling unokufikelela kwi-lm. Inkqubo ye-telecoupling inokohlulwa ibe ziindidi ezimbini: inkqubo esondeleleneyo (umgama oqhelekileyo wokusebenza yi-15cm) kunye nenkqubo edityaniswe kancinci (umgama oqhelekileyo wokusebenza yi-lm). I-frequency yokusebenza ye-remote coupling system yi-13.56MHz, kwaye kukho nezinye iifrikhwensi, ezinje nge-6.75MHz, 27.125MHz njalo njalo. Umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwenkqubo ye-telecoupling kunye ne-tight coupling system kukuba amandla e-inductive coupling ahluke, okwenza umgama wokudibanisa uhluke. Iisistim zokudityaniswa kweremote iseyeyona nto iphambili kwiinkqubo zokuchongwa kwamaza kanomathotholo amaxabiso aphantsi.

(3) Inkqubo yomgama omde. Umgama oqhelekileyo wokusebenza wenkqubo yomgama omde yi-1～10m, kwaye iinkqubo zomntu ngamnye zinomgama omde wokusebenza. Zonke iinkqubo ezikumgama omde zisebenzisa i-electromagnetic coupling (i-electromagnetic wave kunye nomboniso) phakathi kwethegi yamaza kanomathotholo kunye ne-eriyali yokufunda ukusasaza indawo ekude yebala ukwenza ijelo lefrikhwensi yolwazi yerediyo. Ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwenkqubo yomgama omde yi-915MHz, 2.45GHz, 5.8GHz, ukongeza, kukho ezinye iifrikhwensi, ezinje nge433MHz njalo njalo. Iithegi zamaza erediyo zenkqubo yomgama omde zohlulwe zibe ziithegi zefrikhwensi yerediyo (ngaphandle kweebhetri) kunye neethegi zamaza kanomathotholo zesemi-passive (kunye neebhetri) ngokungqinelana nokuba ziqulethe iibhetri. Ngokubanzi, uluhlu lwethegi yerediyo yerediyo enebhetri lude kunolo lwethegi yamaza erediyo ngaphandle kwebhetri. Ibhetri ekwithegi yerediyo ye-semi-passive ayiniki mandla osasazo lwedatha phakathi kwethegi yamaza kanomathotholo kunye nokufunda, kodwa inika amandla kuphela kwitshiphu yethegi yerediyo ukuze isebenzele ukufunda nokugcina idatha. Inkqubo yomgama omde ngokuqhelekileyo yamkela imowudi yomsebenzi wokubonisa ukumodareyitha ukuqonda ukuhanjiswa kwedatha ukusuka kwithegi yamaza kanomathotholo ukuya kumfundi/umbhali. Iinkqubo zomgama omde ngokubanzi zinendlela yokwalatha eqhelekileyo, kwaye iindleko zeethegi zerediyo kunye nabafundi zisekwinqanaba eliphezulu. Ukusuka kumbono wobugcisa, inkqubo yomgama omde ehlangabezana nezi mpawu zilandelayo yinkqubo ye-RFID efanelekileyo: I-RFID tags i-passive kwaye inokufundwa kwaye ibhalwe ngaphandle kwamacingo; Iithegi zeRFID kunye neencwadi zokufunda zixhasa ukufunda nokubhala kweethegi ezininzi; ilungele ukuchongwa kwezinto ezihamba ngesantya esiphezulu (Isantya sento esishukumayo sikhulu kune-80kin / h); umgama omde (umgama wokufunda nokubhala mkhulu kune-5-10m); ixabiso eliphantsi (elinokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusetyenziswa kwexesha elinye).